1) The Age of Exploration, during the 15th and 16th centuries, saw European explorers such as Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama reach new lands and establish trade routes.

2) The concept of compound interest can be attributed to the ancient Babylonians, who used it in their banking practices.

3) The United Nations Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, with five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) holding veto power over resolutions.

4) A single bolt of lightning can heat the surrounding air to temperatures five times hotter than the surface of the sun.