1) The intensity of cyclones is often measured using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which categorizes them based on their sustained wind speeds.

2) The word "telephone" contains five vowels: E, E, O, E, and E.

3) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

4) The game of basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 and has since grown into a global sport played at both amateur and professional levels.